International Journal of Mineral Processing
46 W. Xie et al. / International Journal of Mineral Processing 155 (2016) 45–54. of, volatile matter, and ash from a sample. The fixed carbon content of the sample is then calculated according to the following formula: Fixed carbonðÞ¼% 100−AshðÞ% −Volatile MattersðÞ% ð1Þ Characterization method The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images were ...